Why Are You Passionate About This Project - 1254 Words

Why are you passionate about this project? As a Supervisor of a Health Information Management department within a large health care organization, one of my responsibilities is overseeing the corrections of chart errors made by providers and authors. These corrections encompass both clinical and non-clinical charting errors. I do applaud the strong emphasis placed on patient safety and the prevention of medical errors; however, patient safety does not stop with the completion of the patient s clinical care, it should also be defined by accurate and correct documentation of patient care. If it is not documented, it didn t happen. The best clinical care is negated by poor and erroneous chart documentation. Common examples are documenting on the incorrect patient, incorrect dates of birth, spelling/comprehension errors, copy and paste errors, erroneous patient registration errors, etc.) Therefore striving for excellent clinical care should be intertwined with correct documentation of the patient s care. There is a palpable, lackadaisical attitude among too many providers regarding the correction of chart errors. A disproportionate number of providers see it as a clerical issue which they cannot be bothered with, thus it is (Health Information Management s) responsibility to ensure the author’s errors are corrected. Historically, HIM has l entrusted with maintaining the integrity of the medical record, but Electronic Medical Records technology affords theShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay Questions952 Words   |  4 Pages3-6 sentences. What are you most passionate about? Currently I’m very passionate about menstruation because there is unjust and awful stigma against it around the world. Locally (I live near LA,which has one of the highest concentrations of homeless people in the nation), there are many homeless who have through suffer through their period without pads and tampons, which means they are forced to use substitutes such as old socks and paper towels to block the flow. This is unsanitary (using somethingRead MoreScout As A Eagle Scout Award1570 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is the hardest thing you have ever had to do in your life? For myself, it was getting my Eagle Scout award. Now for those who don’t know what an Eagle Scout award is or means I will try and explain it to you. An Eagle Scout award is the highest rank possible in Scouting. In order to achieve this rank, you have to complete seven different ranks, along with other different requirements along the way. 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Working in an innovative company that has the world open to it is much more exciting prospect than just accepting any nine-to-five role. Building and creating – that’s at the core of being a human. But it’s without a doubt a risky industry. Startups can’t often guarantee you basic things like medical insuranceRead MorePassion Essay : Passion And The Passion For Life983 Words   |  4 PagesPassion is your fuel. It motivates you to press on. It propels you up the mountain of your dreams and goals. Have a passion for life, for people, for animals, for your causes and your convictions, and you will be nearly unstoppable. Be a champion for those who have great needs and cant do anything about it themselves. Speak with passion, teach with passion, lead with passion, love with passion, play with passion, and enjoy with passion. Someone who is passionate is intriguing to watch and to listenRead MoreKnowing Strengths And Opportunities For Growth Is An Important Success Factor For Any Grantwriter873 Words   |  4 Pagesany grantwriter. For your final discussion board I would like you to first reflect upon this course, what you have learned both about the grantwriting process and yourself. Then, read the brief blog entailed 8 Traits of a Good Grantwriter. Finally, in 3-4 paragraphs, write about what are your strengths as a grant writer and where do your opportunities for growth lie? Post your entry by the end of the course. When I began in this course, I had no knowledge of the grant writing process. FrequentlyRead MoreThe American Red Cross Club877 Words   |  4 Pages1. Tell us about a Community Service project which was personally significant to you. Describe your involvement. As a member of the American Red Cross Club, I have great opportunities to actively engage in many community services that give me chances to make profound contributions to the society and effectively develop leadership skills along the way. Throughout my time serving in the American Red Cross Club, I have participated in a number of different projects, range from supporting the militaryRead MoreWhy Did I Choose This Project?1262 Words   |  6 Pages Investigating Why did I choose this project? I chose ‘Drawing with the Left hand’ as my project because I greatly enjoy art, and have always wished to challenge myself with learning different things. Drawing is one of the things I enjoy most, and I had always been curious about the thought of switching to my non-dominant hand because of how peculiar it would be to know how to do something in terms of knowledge, and yet not to be able to do so because of the physical inability to do so. DecidingRead MoreConsidering a blogging career? 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Public Relations are all about creating an image and a story to share with you viewers and presenting it in a way that is appealing to the viewer’s eye. ï  ¯ Tell us about your coursework. In what ways is it relevant to this position? Being an economics major and accounting minor my course work is very

Romeo and Juliet Revision - 2431 Words

What part do dreams, visions and premonitions play in Romeo and Juliet? In Romeo and Juliet, dreams, visions and premonitions play a very important role. They foreshadow the eventual tragedy, tell us about a character’s view over a particular matter, and reflect underlying messages in the play. They are symbols, telling us about the various themes in the play as well. An example of a dream foreshadowing the eventual tragic ending of the play is found in Act 1 Scene 4, in which Romeo says that he â€Å"dreamt a dream tonight† to his friends Mercutio and Benvolio, while heading to Capulet’s feast. His dream is ominous, and he is fearful of whether his dream will come true, saying that he fears the â€Å"vile forfeit of untimely death†. This†¦show more content†¦Even when his servant (?), Balthasar advised him to be patient and wait for more news to confirm as to whether Juliet had really died, saying, â€Å"[his] looks are pale and wild†, Romeo disregards it and does not heed his advice. He goes on to buy poison from an apothecary, and upon seeing Juliet â€Å"dead† in the tomb, does not think twice and kills himself. These show Romeo’s immaturity, as he could have reasoned more, and not commit suicide over thinking that his love was dead, which is unnecessary and based on impulse. However, Romeo also shows some evidence of him being more reasonable and more mature. In Act 5 Scene 2, when being confronted by Paris outside Juliet’s tomb, Romeo attempts to reason with Paris. He tells Paris to â€Å"tempt not a desperate man/†¦a madman’s mercy bid thee run away†, knowing full well that he has lost nearly all his sense of control following Juliet’s â€Å"death† and that he is going to act on impulse. Despite Romeo’s efforts, it can be said that it is a pathetic attempt, as Romeo, after Paris refused to listen to Romeo’s words of caution, killed Paris based on impulse, showing still his immaturity, even up till the end of the play. As seen, Romeo has, throughout the whole course of the play, demonstrated his impulsive and immature nature. Romeo, though he has matured only slightly with Juliet, still makes childish choices and decisions, and lets his emotions get theShow MoreRelatedFate: The Guiding Force Behind Life in Romeo and Juliet by Shakespeare1160 Words   |  5 Pagescharacters’ views on fate and free will is Romeo and Juliet. This legendary play, written by William Shakespeare, has been beloved by people for centuries, as they contemplate who is the guiding force in life? The play discusses just this, while depicting the lives of Romeo and Juliet: two desperate teenagers each trapped in their own worlds, seeking love and freedom. The two â€Å"star-crossed lovers† are from feuding households, and each has their own distinct problems. Romeo jumps from girl to girl, never findingRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay1399 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Romeo and Ju liet According to the dictionary, fate is the â€Å"inevitable destiny or necessity destined term of life; doom.† This means that fate can be described as a pre-planned sequence of events influencing ones life. Romeo and Juliet would have been performed to an Elizabethan audience who believed very strongly in â€Å"fate† and â€Å"fortune†. Fate was destined to happen and no one could alter it. Throughout the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare constantly

The Effect of the Intellectual Capital on Business Performance Empiri

Question: The effect of the intellectual capital on business performance: Empirical study in Australia. Answer: 1: Introduction 1.1 Background of the study The modern day business has many aspects and inherent values. The intangible value of a business, which includes the human capital, inherent value in relationships (also known as relational capital), structural capital, is known as intellectual capital (IC) (Nawaz, Haniffa Hudaib, 2014). It is one of the main tools to ensure the competitive advantage and the economic prosperity of the organization. The intellectual capital is usually utilized by the organizations to ensure the success of the organization by improving parameters such as value creation, innovativeness, creativity, competitive advantage and others (Nawaz, Haniffa Hudaib, 2014). The intellectual capital enhances the corporate performance of the organizations. 1.2 Problem Statement The intellectual capital is a growing focus area of the organizations as the human capital or the human resources is considered as the most crucial components of organizations. Australia possesses a culturally diverse workforce and the important components of the intellectual capital are often misunderstood. There is a need to develop a best practice framework of intellectual capital in Australia. In this study, the influences of IC on the performance of the Australian organizations are discussed. 1.3 Research Aims and Objectives To understand the concept of intellectual capital To critically analyze the effect of intellectual capital To evaluate the factors for improved business performance To determine the relationship between intellectual capital and business performance 1.4 Research Questions What are the positive impacts of intellectual capital? What is the importance of intellectual performance? How the intellectual capital does affect the business performance? How can the organizational performance be improved by intellectual capital? References Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Bhatti, W. A., Zaheer, A. (2014). The Role of Intellectual Capital in Creating and Adding Value to Organizational Performance: A Conceptual Analysis.Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management,12(3). Brenner, M., Coners, A., Matthies, B. (2015). Process capital as strategic success factor. InHandbook on Business Process Management 2(pp. 133-152). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Montana Mountain Biking free essay sample

Montana Mountain Biking Case Study MMB five stages of Customer Loyalty. The five stages of customer loyalty are awareness, familiarity, commitment and separation. Based on the case narrative, about 5% of MMB customers are in the awareness category because MMB logo is recognized in the mountain biking industry. Customers in this stage are aware of MMB existence and services but have not purchased any service from the company. They have limited relations with MMB because the company is not actively marketing the company product and services.Jerry Singleton needs create more awareness MMB products and services through advertising campaigns in order to increase customer awareness. Also, about 10% of MMB customer falls in the exploration stage. These are potential customers who are seeking to learn more about the company and its products. They have submitted their email addresses to inquire about the expedition. The case narrative mentioned that the number of email inquiries have increased within the month because of the trail pictures that were posted on the websites. We will write a custom essay sample on Montana Mountain Biking or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Furthermore about 10% of MMB customers are in the familiarity stage.These are customers who were probably recommended by existing customers who are pleased with the services provided by MMB. Customers in this category have purchased products and services from MMB are familiar with how they operate and may still purchase services from other competitors. Finally about 75% of MMB customers fall under the category of commitment and less than about 1% falls under the category of separation because they have managed to maintain high customer retention. Customers that fall in the commitment category are repeat customers that are satisfied with the quality of service they received from MMB.They have reached the commitment stage and would willingly recommend new customers to MMB. Recommendation of MMB Email Marketing strategy Even though Montana Mountain Biking has managed to maintain high customer retention they still need to create more company awareness in order to win potential customers. In the past the company spent $80,000 on print advertising for ads in some outdoors and sports magazines. The company is currently working with a marketing consultant to look into buying an address list and sending out promotional mailing. The cost will be $0. 0 per name rental and $4 per mailer. There are 60,000 names on the list and the total conversion cost will be about $246,000 which is very costly. MMB should therefore consider an email marketing which is less costly than mailing promotional letters and traditional method of advertising in magazines. Email marketing strategy is an effective e- business tool that would help to create more company awareness and also enable MMB to keep in touch with existing customers. Email marketing can either be done as random marketing or permission marketing.Random marketing will probably have less impact because the email will be sent randomly to various email addresses. It will not be the best route to take because these unanticipated emails may be considered as spam and will either be blocked or deleted by the recipient which defeats the purpose to the MMB’s intent of creating company awareness. I would therefore recommend Permission Marketing which is more effective because the emails are sent to intended recipients who have expressed interest in the company products and services. Even though the mailing list will be purchased from a company it will still be less costly.It may cost $0. 10 per name but the company will not have to incur the $4 per mail cost since the email aspect can be handled by a staff of MMB. Using permission email marketing will be more cost effective and will definitely help MMB in reaching its awareness and marketing goal. The Use of Viral Marketing to gain new customers and cement its relationship with existing customers Viral Marketing â€Å"relies on existing customer to tell other people – the company’s prospective customers’ about the products or services they have enjoyed using† (Schneider, 2011, p. 199).MMB customers email inquiries has increased dramatically within the past month because one of the expedition leaders started posting pictures of trails over the past year on the websites. Even though many of these email inquiries were about MMB expeditions there were also some inquiries that asked about permission to use the photos or if these photos were for sale. I think using the photos is a perfect opportunity to engage in viral marketing. MMB could include as part of its package a free optional digital photo of customers on while they are on their expeditions.These pictures can be posted on the websites and also offered to customers. This would be a great promotion for the company because customers can invite family and friends to view their pictures on MMB websites. There can also be a link on the photo page to invitation and information about future expeditions and trails. The beauty of the pictures and trails will definitely lure potential customers to be a part of this wonderful experience. Existing customers will also be pleased because they have been given another extra â€Å"free† service.They also have another means of sharing their experience with family and loved ones. This viral chain will continue as MMB wins more customers over into their client base. Affiliate Marketing Strategy for MMB In affiliate marketing â€Å"one firm’s website the affiliate firm’s includes descriptions reviews ratings or other information about a product that is linked to another firm’s site that offer items for sale. (Schneider, 2011, p. 197). As an affiliate marketer MMB will promote other business products and receive commission for every visitor who follows the link to the sellers, website.In order to set up an affiliate MMB will have to join the affiliate program and link the affiliated product MMB website. MMB also needs to focus on businesses that provide products and services that are closely related to the services they provide. Since MMB business provides mountain biking expeditions their customers are mostly athletic and outdoors sportsmen therefore they should establish an affiliate with sellers who sell sporting gears such as Mountain Bike Gear, Accessories and Apparel. The products provided should also have good reviews.MMB can also provide recommendation to its customers and post pictures where some of their customers or employees are using these products. This would help to increase the click through sales which would lead to increased commission. As part of the affiliate program I would recommend, Great Outdoors, REI, Sports Authority, Dicks Sporting Goods and JensonUSA. These are well known sporting goods stores that promote outdoor activities sell products that can be used by MMB customers in their one week mountain biking expedition. Of the five recommendations MMB will probably benefit more from REI and Great Outdoors. REI is a well known outdoor store chair that provides great gear. clothing and equipment needed for all outdoor adventures. Great outdoors will also be an excellent affiliate because they not only sell outdoor gears but also provide information about tour events and expeditions. MMB can take advantage of this connection to advertise their tours on their website thereby creating more awareness of their business and the services they offer. References 1. Schneider, G. (2011), Electronic Commerce (pp. 197-199) Ohio: Cengage Learning

SPICE Chart Essay Example

SPICE Chart Paper Hey could work their way up. Their children could get an education and become middle class. The spinning wheel came mechanized. Because of this there was a huge need for weavers to weave because their job was not mechanized. The weavers soon joined the middle class. As the Industrial Revolution grew, gap shrinks and for the working class, it became hard for them to switch classes when weaving became mechanized. Workers became unskilled and were paid less. As the new factory system came in to play the working class was affected once again. The target workers were pauper children who were forced into semi- forced labor. Orphanages farmed them out and forced them to work. Factory Act of 1802- first act that regulated the pauper children but had no effect because no inspectors to enforce. Factory Act of 1 833-children 14-18, 12 hour work day limit and for adults 16 hour limit. Factory owners were now required to set up schools. Prior to Industrial Revolution, cottage industry. Women and men worked alongside each other and were an economical unit but with factory work impossible to maintain house work. So men worked in the industry and women stayed home. Still patriarchal society. Ethnic groups lived together led to easier assimilation. Tenements torn down because of health hazards. Mexico gained their independence in 1824. There were major social issues. There was no way for the lower class to advance and only the rich benefited from the Revolution. There were inequalities in wealth and no middle class existed. In Argentina, women could not vote, hold office, testify on court and when they married, their husband gained all her legal rights. Education slowly grew as well. Political)State-Building, Expansion and Conflict Political structures and forms of governance Empires Nations and nationalism Revolts and revolutions Regional, transactional, and global structures and organizations The working class was greatly effected because the skilled who were once alluded were replaced with machines. This resulted in the Lulled Movement which rejected new innovations and broke machines and w anted to go back to the old ways. Urban working class begins to realize their abuses. Class consciousness begins and labor movements begin. We will write a custom essay sample on SPICE Chart specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on SPICE Chart specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on SPICE Chart specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Result in an increase of trade unions and socialism Industrial Revolution began in Europe but first in Great Britain. It had rivers which provided power for the 1st factories. It had coal, textile, iron and steel. Enclosure Acts passed allowed for more land available for private use. This resulted in large, more efficient farms so no need for small farms. Many English peasants were no longer able to use the Commons for their own uses such as cattle grazing so they more to the cities. Farming also becomes less intensive. The Reasons for Revolution include many engineers for innovations, large amounts of wealth from the colonies. A stable government to support entrepreneurs. Religious values emphasizing hard work. Large supplies of coal and iron and large numbers of people willing to work. Mexico gained their independence in 1824. General Santa Ana- Custodial in the asses. Extremely autocratic. He stormed the Alamo in Mexican American War. 1848- Treaty of Guagalupeltihildalgo ends the Mexican American War. Bonito Journey takes power and is seen as a hero (asses). Conservatives who wants the power of church, little change and a strong government versus the liberals secular government who wanted change and a federal government. Bonito introduce La Reforms. In 1857, he set up a new constitution and wanted to cut the power Of the church. He also tried to take land from the Native Americans and sell it. This reforms had an opposite affect because the rich got the land quickly. The conservatives got made and started a reform and a civil war broke out In 1862, the French sent troops to repress the conservatives. And put Maximally Von Hapsburg on the throne. An Austrian who tried to help Mexico. He tried to bring back La Reforms and this gets Curare and his conservatives mad and the king was killed by a firing squad. Bonito Curare comes back into power with good intentions but his reign becomes more and more autocratic in 1872. Succeeded by Profit Ditz. He becomes the leader for 35 years but is overthrown eventually. . The poor stayed poor but eventually fought back. Ditz sent out the Rules to put down a Revolution and he rigged the election for 35 years. But people became fed up with his rule and 10 year revolution begins. Argentina. SST. Martin helps them gain their independence in 1816. Juan Manuel De Rosa was the one who came into power in 1831. He maintains power till 1852. Prior to his rule, there was a conflict between the liberals and conservatives. De Rosa was a federalist who wanted powerful local governments and favored ranchers and people living around Buenos Aries. People spoke out against him were exiled and in 1853, Alberta created a new constitution with new reforms. He believed in immigration and national unity. In the asses, Argentina prospers till the asses due to good presidents. Domingo Sacramento in 1862, famous Arthur, critical of custodial. The government was stable so foreigners invested. In the asses, socialist party forms and demand more rights, the government suppresses them. Interaction Between Humans and the Environment Demography and disease Migration Patterns of settlement and technology Britain tried to keep the Industrial Revolution a secret till 1 825, artisans and professionals could not leave England. Stopped migration. As the new factory system came in to play the working class was affected once again. Clean villages became dark polluted industrial cities. Conditions worsened for the urban poor workers. Seamstress work- little girls go blind because little eight and kids worked in mines which stunted their growth and they were treated like animals. Many people moved into cities. 1891-54% of the population lived in cities. Every piece of land was owned and narrow allies, had open sewers, houses were wall to wall. Edwin Chadwick sanitary idea. Cities cleaner so less death. 1880- Death rate declined because of built sewers and cities were cleaner. Serbian planning starts. 18005 public transportation builds so people could live farther away from the city. Because of the second Industrial Revolution, Europeans left homes and came to the U. S. Overall terrible living conditions. Asses. Rupees population is 20% of the worlds. 477 million. In 1570, spike in population led to agricultural revolution and farmers experimented with new innovations. Great Britain by 1900 had largest level of development. Peasants war free to move so mobile. Better transportation, Europeans began migrating out of Europe. They went to the U. S. , Canada, Australia, South Africa, Brazil, and Argentina. Population between 1750 and 1850 triples in Britain. General Migration into cities. In Argentina, the Native Americans were kicked off from the Pampas. Population triples as well. 3. 5 million immigrants came. Many Italians and Russians. Italians called goldmines because migrated for the harvest. Fusion of cultures. Cultures Religions, Belief systems, philosophies and ideologies Science and technology The arts and architecture Inventions of the Industrial Revolution -1 733-John Kay fly shuttle. One person instead of two could operate the loom. Increase in weaving output mean larger demand for yarn. -sasss James Harvests-Spinning jenny. Mechanized spinning wheel. -1769 Richard Aright-water frame. Spin multiple treads, at first operated on water power. -sasss firm Bolton and Watt produces a more efficient steam engine. Used to power water pumps, blast furnaces. First factories in the countryside need the water power. 1800-power loom. Mechanical Spinning overwhelmed the hand weavers. -Advancements in making of iron allowed for steam powered river boats -asses-locomotives ASSES-OR construction asses-Manchester- Liverpool Railroad. Encouraged larger factories and more sophisticated machinery. Contributed to the growth of the working class. All the major inventions of the industria l Revolution occurred in Britain. The French, Germans, Belgians didnt make the inventions they borrowed them. Originally factories hired whole families so parents could look over children while they worked. Second Industrial Revolution. Focused more on iron and steel. Henry Bessemer-Bessemer Process found a way to mass produce steel cheaply. Steel making becomes major industry. Chemical industry grows, increase of chemical by-products. Increase production of sulfuric acid, laundry soap, dye, synthetic things. Margarine-substitute of butter for poor. Application of electrical energy. Made factories more accessible, and their construction more efficient and flexible. They could now run 24/7 and did not have to be close to a water source. Carters develop, groups of companies working together to contract prices and product Automobile invented with internal combustion engine. Nicholas Otto German inventor who built 1st 4 stroke internal combustion engine. Car companies founded. France led automobile industry. The 2nd Industrial revolution led to steel, chemicals, iron, electricity, and automobile which led to a push of new energy sources. Petroleum. Liberals. Rich men who believe all careers should be open to talent and representative government and written constitutions and freedom of press, and rights of assembly. Liberals are not pro democracy because they dont not want the lower classes to obtain power The Iron Law of Wages. Richard the idea that if you have low wages, the poor will never have high wages. Economic Systems Agricultural and pastoral production Trade and commerce Labor systems Industrialization Capitalism and socialism In England banks were private partnerships and investors and conservative because if investments failed they could lose everything. Continentals-bank corporations- limited liability, many investors with small stocks. Nil 815- France, Germany, Netherlands, and Belgium seer protective tariffs and encouraged the building of infrastructure. Because of the new industry, a lot of banks fail and investments slowed. Bad weather led to European framed to compete with foreign farmers which led to lower food prices and immigrants leave cities to go to the U. S. Cottage Industry-family would buy raw wool and women would spin it into yarn and men made it into cloth. Classical Economists. The workers were considered lazy by those above them. The Wealth of Nations is considered a classical description of the market economy. Adam Smith. Natural price is the actual worth of product. Market price is what it is sold for. Invisible hand is the idea that the market is self-regulating. Forces of consumers and producers balance each other out and reach equilibrium. Smith also believes mercantilism is bad because he thinks its a government monopoly. He advocates for equal and free trade without tariffs. Lassies Fairer- government should stay out of economy. Smith believes this but only if there are no monopolies. Smith believes government should intervene when monopolies happen. Socialism was common ism in the 18th century. Also Marxism. French Utopian Socialists before Karl Marx wanted a perfect civilizations. Karl Mark and Frederick Engels wrote The Communist Manifesto. The idea that people with social differences are at odds with each other and the cycle of the oppressor and the oppressed.

Discuss the argument whether Freuds theory of psycho-analysis is falsifiable or not The WritePass Journal

Discuss the argument whether Freuds theory of psycho-analysis is falsifiable or not Introduction Discuss the argument whether Freuds theory of psycho-analysis is falsifiable or not IntroductionReferencesRelated Introduction This essay will discuss the argument whether Freuds theory of psycho-analysis is falsifiable or not. The ways in which Freud himself tried to view his theory as errorless are going to be explained and Karl Poppers approach to the pseudo-science is going to be discussed. Contradict opinions to Popper’s theory are going to be referred to also. Sigmunds Freud psycho-analytic theory had been very influential in the course of psychology. His ideas had been generally considered as correct and fundamental for newer theories. Many assumed so because it was always able to provide explanation to any state and therefore thought of psycho-analysis as unfalsifiable. Webster (1995) mentions that what theorists firstly considered as an advantage of Freuds theory was the fact that he discovered a way of proposing his own hypothesis and therefore finding theoretical solutions on a pseudo-empirical basis. In fact, Freud firstly made assumptions about phenomena which were not previously observed and then suggested that he is the only person capable of investigating this entity. Karl Popper (1963) stated that in order for a theory to be scientific, it has to be testable. This can be a problem for the psycho- analysis. Popper assumed that this theory provides explanations for any possible situations and cases and therefore it is, especially by its supporters, considered as flawless. It is important to note that, by Popper, this is not seen as an advantage of Freuds theory. He disagreed with such opinions and supported these ideas by stating that Freuds theory, or psycho-analysis as whole, is not refutable. However, he thought that this makes the theory not stronger, but much weaker, as it does not take any unpredictable scenarios into consideration. Poppers suggestion was to test the theories while one gets to a point when this theory is viewed as refuted. He also mentioned that psycho-analysts suppose they can explain every case in terms of their theory. It is also necessary to say that Popper did not consider those theories, which were found to be non-scien tific as not valid or insignificant. He simply supposed that such theories cannot be supported empirically but only can be outcomes of observation. When it comes to the theories of personality or also other hypothesis, every one of them is always tested in a process of acceptance. If it does not provide a satisfying explanation, newer and different solutions are looked for and tested again. A prove of such testability is that the theory offers explanations for unexpected finding and it does not only adjust the findings to itself. But Poppers idea might have been slightly different from this. Although he should get credit for reasonable doubting of Freuds theory, in general, he thought that everything needs to be testable in order to be scientific. And this might conclude in testing and therefore refuting and rejecting every idea which is not scientific. Constant testing of theories does not bring them closer to being proven right, by contrast, many might provide proofs of being falsifiable, but this won’t be noticed as further tests of falsification will follow.This would most probably conclude in rejecting most of the ps ychological theories. However, Webster (1995) emphasised that this is something Popper was aware of. Many theorists, mistakenly, supposed that the way how to show that the psycho-analysis is not a pseudo-science is to prove that is it testable (Cioffi, 1998). Grà ¼nbaum (1986) disagreed with Popper and he supported his opinion by saying that Freud was open to provide explanations to situations which were not predicted by his theory, but no such instances were found. Grà ¼nbaum therefore stated that psycho-analysis is a testable theory. He supported his arguments by using an example from Freuds 1925 paper in which he admits finding of an individual who contradicts his theoretical assumptions. But what Grà ¼nbaum had not predicted was that Freud did not admit the failure of his theory to describe such situation and later explained also this unexpected finding (Robinson, 1993). This fact proves that Poppers statements about the unfalsifiability of psycho-analysis as relevant. But Grunbaum also stated that the Popper’s criterion is not relevant as there are many different and more appropriate ways to test the differences between pseudo-sciences and real sciences (Eysenck, 1985). Eysenck (1985), have also disagreed with Popper’s statements by pronouncing that the criterion of falsifiability is irrelevant. In order to support his opinion, he provided some instances in which it is clearly showed that Freud’s theory can be proven false and therefore is testable, despite thinking that such criterion is not decisive. Freuds ideas have been widely accepted in the twentieth century. It is surprising that there are still many supporters of Freuds theory among the psychologists as his assumptions have not been scientifically proven and are often compared to the myths. As one of a very few theories, psycho-analysis is still very favoured, although many valid criticisms have been found. Those, who support this theory, will find its ideas always relevant, even if it can conclude in lowering its status among other theories. Although this finding should be, according to Popper (1963), perceived as weakness, it could be also noted that the psycho-analysis is always going to be viewed as very influential, regardless of criticisms. References Cioffi, F. (1998). Freud and the Question of Pseudoscience. USA: Carus Publishing Company. Eysenck, H. J. (1985). Decline and Fall of Freudian Empire. United Kingdom: Harmondworth Grà ¼nbaum, A. (1986). Prà ©cis of The Foundations of Psychoanalysis: A Philosophical Critique. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Vol. 9, 217-284. Popper, K. (1963). Conjectures and Refutations. London: Routledge and Keagan Paul. Robinson, P. (1993). Freud and His Critics. Berkeley: University of California Press. Webster, R. (1995). Why Freud was wrong: Sin, Science and Psychoanalysis. United Kingdom: Harper Collins Publishers

Genetic Engineering and Conservation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Genetic Engineering and Conservation - Essay Example Today, most species face stress factors ranging from global warming, habitat destruction to conflicts and poaching leading to the great reduction in numbers of some species. Conservationists are seeking the help of modern science for designing interventions to control these losses. Genetic engineering is the science of altering one's gene by introduction of a foreign gene for beneficial purposes such as adaptation. Genetic engineering has already contributed to the growth of the agricultural sector making the Genetically modified seed sector alone worth $ 15 million (Thomas et al,2013). However, genetic engineering is not considered a modern strategy since it was used even decades back to make plants more tolerant to certain conditions such as temperature and pest attack, thereby making the genetic tool a reliable tool. Genetic engineering could be used to introduce lost genetic diversity among a threatened population to enable stabilization. For example, in Florida, the population of Florida Panther increase by 100% after members of another closely related species-Puma concolor stanleyana was introduced which worked by decreasing inbreeding (Thomas.et al,2013). Genetic engineering would play an important part in refining this methodology. Another way in which genetic engineering could aid conservation is by recognizing certain beneficial genes and introducing them into vulnerable species. Aquaculture researchers recognized an allele in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that made them withstand high heat. These genes could be introduced through modern tools into the genomes of fish eggs to make them more tolerant of changing conditions.